Cyber-Physical Optimization for Unmanned Aircraft Systems

A = area of an image b = wingspan CD0 = zero-lift drag coefficient E = energy for physical system e0 = Oswald efficiency factor f = focal length of camera H = entropy cost Hdist = horizontal distance of imaging plane Jp = cost function for physical system K = aerodynamic parameter k = execution cycle of task τ L = Lagrangian of constrained cost function m = mass of aircraft P v = power as a function of velocity Pmax = maximum power of engine/motor at sea level rτ = task-execution rate in hertz of task τ S = surface area of wing T = total time required to complete mission Tτ = period of task τ Uτ = cyber utilization cost term v t = airspeed Vdist = vertical distance of imaging plane W = weight w = width of an image α = tuning parameter in entropy cost δt = throttle setting η = propeller efficiency factor ρ = air density ρ = air density at sea level τ = real-time system task achieving important mission goal